Tuning Guide - Revision history

OlliW at 00:04, 9 January 2015

2015-01-09T00:04:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:04, 9 January 2015
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	<span style="font-size:88%">''by ~~Olliw~~, somewhat outdated</span>''		<span style="font-size:88%">''by OlliW, is somewhat outdated</span>''

	One of the most important steps is of course the proper tuning of the gimbal. However, it is also - unfortunately - the least straight-forward and most debatable step. No unique or universal tuning recipe seems to have emerged yet, and tuning remains an experimental process of trial-and-error. The following can hence only attempt to give some ideas. It is also necessarily very subjective, i.e. based on individual experiences on specific gimbals. Furthermore, a basic understanding by the operator is unavoidable, and the following is accordingly explanatory in parts.		One of the most important steps is of course the proper tuning of the gimbal. However, it is also - unfortunately - the least straight-forward and most debatable step. No unique or universal tuning recipe seems to have emerged yet, and tuning remains an experimental process of trial-and-error. The following can hence only attempt to give some ideas. It is also necessarily very subjective, i.e. based on individual experiences on specific gimbals. Furthermore, a basic understanding by the operator is unavoidable, and the following is accordingly explanatory in parts.

OlliW at 23:51, 8 January 2015

2015-01-08T23:51:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:51, 9 January 2015
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	<span style="font-size:88%">''by Olliw</span>''		<span style="font-size:88%">''by Olliw, somewhat outdated</span>''

	One of the most important steps is of course the proper tuning of the gimbal. However, it is also - unfortunately - the least straight-forward and most debatable step. No unique or universal tuning recipe seems to have emerged yet, and tuning remains an experimental process of trial-and-error. The following can hence only attempt to give some ideas. It is also necessarily very subjective, i.e. based on individual experiences on specific gimbals. Furthermore, a basic understanding by the operator is unavoidable, and the following is accordingly explanatory in parts.		One of the most important steps is of course the proper tuning of the gimbal. However, it is also - unfortunately - the least straight-forward and most debatable step. No unique or universal tuning recipe seems to have emerged yet, and tuning remains an experimental process of trial-and-error. The following can hence only attempt to give some ideas. It is also necessarily very subjective, i.e. based on individual experiences on specific gimbals. Furthermore, a basic understanding by the operator is unavoidable, and the following is accordingly explanatory in parts.

OlliW at 12:44, 18 December 2014

2014-12-18T12:44:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:44, 18 December 2014
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			<span style="font-size:88%">''by Olliw</span>''

	One of the most important steps is of course the proper tuning of the gimbal. However, it is also - unfortunately - the least straight-forward and most debatable step. No unique or universal tuning recipe seems to have emerged yet, and tuning remains an experimental process of trial-and-error. The following can hence only attempt to give some ideas. It is also necessarily very subjective, i.e. based on individual experiences on specific gimbals. Furthermore, a basic understanding by the operator is unavoidable, and the following is accordingly explanatory in parts.		One of the most important steps is of course the proper tuning of the gimbal. However, it is also - unfortunately - the least straight-forward and most debatable step. No unique or universal tuning recipe seems to have emerged yet, and tuning remains an experimental process of trial-and-error. The following can hence only attempt to give some ideas. It is also necessarily very subjective, i.e. based on individual experiences on specific gimbals. Furthermore, a basic understanding by the operator is unavoidable, and the following is accordingly explanatory in parts.

OlliW at 08:03, 29 June 2014

2014-06-29T08:03:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:03, 29 June 2014
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	* [http://sourceforge.net/projects/brushless-gimbal-brugi/ BruGi], [http://www.rcgroups.com/forums/showthread.php?t=2059364 BGC32], AlexMos 2.4, o323bgc/STorM32bgc: These firmwares implement "full" PID controllers.		* [http://sourceforge.net/projects/brushless-gimbal-brugi/ BruGi], [http://www.rcgroups.com/forums/showthread.php?t=2059364 BGC32], AlexMos 2.4, o323bgc/STorM32bgc: These firmwares implement "full" PID controllers.

	~~'''''Comment:'''~~ The AlexMos codes are of course not available, one can hence only speculate, however the various available descriptions/tutorials are telling.''		{{COMMENT\|The AlexMos codes are of course not available, one can hence only speculate, however the various available descriptions/tutorials are telling.}}

	The good message is that the PID controllers in the second category of firmwares work by the very same basic principles, which means that the tuning recipes given for any of them may be used to tune STorM32-BGC gimbals (be aware however that this doesn't mean that PID values can be carried over; the units generally are different!). The less good message is that there seem to be two different tuning strategies, which may be called "low-PWM" and "high-PWM" tuning, and neither of them avoids experimenting. The "low-PWM" tuning resulted from experience for Gopro and larger gimbals; the "high-PWM" tuning has been described for micro gimbals. At this point it's not clear which one is generally better, or if any is the best at all.		The good message is that the PID controllers in the second category of firmwares work by the very same basic principles, which means that the tuning recipes given for any of them may be used to tune STorM32-BGC gimbals (be aware however that this doesn't mean that PID values can be carried over; the units generally are different!). The less good message is that there seem to be two different tuning strategies, which may be called "low-PWM" and "high-PWM" tuning, and neither of them avoids experimenting. The "low-PWM" tuning resulted from experience for Gopro and larger gimbals; the "high-PWM" tuning has been described for micro gimbals. At this point it's not clear which one is generally better, or if any is the best at all.

OlliW at 09:05, 16 May 2014

2014-05-16T09:05:00Z

OlliW at 12:48, 13 May 2014

2014-05-13T12:48:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:48, 13 May 2014
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	The mechanism can significantly reduce the dependence of the gimbal performance on the battery voltage. It can however not accomplish what could be achieved with a truly constant (regulated) voltage.		The mechanism can significantly reduce the dependence of the gimbal performance on the battery voltage. It can however not accomplish what could be achieved with a truly constant (regulated) voltage.

			== Tuning the Pan Speed ==

			For the STorM32-BGC the pan (follow) mode is in some ways independent on the PID controller. The PID tuning must thus be done with the pan mode deactivated. However, on the other hand, once the PID controller is tuned, the pan speed can be easily adjusted without having to touch the PID controller any further. This is probably one of the appealing features of the STorM32-BGC. Accordingly, the discussion of the hold and pan modes is deferred to a later chapter.

	== Understanding the Parameters ==		== Understanding the Parameters ==

	Maybe useful references (from the German FPVC forum):		Maybe useful references (from the German FPVC forum):
	* http://fpv-community.de/showthread.php?20795-Brushless-Gimbal-Controller-SOFTWARE&p=382163&viewfull=1#post382163		* http://fpv-community.de/showthread.php?20795-Brushless-Gimbal-Controller-SOFTWARE&p=382163&viewfull=1#post382163

OlliW: /* Next step - RC Inputs */

2014-05-13T05:35:40Z

Next step - RC Inputs

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:35, 13 May 2014
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	== Next step - RC Inputs ==		== Next step - RC Inputs ==

	With these settings we have a self leveling gimbal. No matter what movements the gimbal support is undergoing, the camera remains stable. While this might be perfectly sufficient for basic operation, normally the gimbal shall also be moved via a RC stick or, on a hand-held gimbal, via a joystick, or functions such as switching between hold and pan modes or releasing the shutter of the camera remotely are desired.		With these settings we have a self leveling gimbal. No matter what movements the gimbal support is undergoing, the camera remains stable. While this might be perfectly sufficient for basic operation, normally the gimbal shall also be moved via a RC stick or, on a hand-held gimbal, via a joystick, or functions such as switching between hold and pan modes or releasing the shutter of the camera remotely are desired.

	~~See~~ [[Configure the RC Input]] ~~to learn about these possibilities~~.		You can learn about these possibilities in the next chapters; continue with [[Configure the RC Input]].

OlliW at 21:13, 12 May 2014

2014-05-12T21:13:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:13, 12 May 2014
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	If your experience has led you to different tuning rules please feel free to share them (the [http://www.olliw.eu/storm32bgc-wiki/index.php5/Talk:Tunning_Guide Discussion] page could be a good place for that).		If your experience has led you to different tuning rules please feel free to share them (the [http://www.olliw.eu/storm32bgc-wiki/index.php5/Talk:Tunning_Guide Discussion] page could be a good place for that).

	== Tuning the PID ~~controller~~ of one ~~axis~~ ==		== Tuning the PID Controller of one Axis ==

	=== Preliminaries ===		=== Preliminaries ===
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	Inspection of the various threads immediately confirms this point.		Inspection of the various threads immediately confirms this point.

	=== Basic PID ~~parameters~~ ===		=== Basic PID Parameters ===
	The basic PID controller parameters are [P], [I], [D], and [Vmax].		The basic PID controller parameters are [P], [I], [D], and [Vmax].
	The parameter [Vmax] is known in other firmwares as the motor PWM or motor power.		The parameter [Vmax] is known in other firmwares as the motor PWM or motor power.
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	[[File:1main.png\|480px]]		[[File:1main.png\|480px]]

	=== Coarse ~~tuning settings~~ ===		=== Coarse Tuning Settings ===
	For the basic tuning, the advanced tuning parameters should be deactivated.		For the basic tuning, the advanced tuning parameters should be deactivated.

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	Once the gimbal is coarsely tuned, one may proceed with fine tuning, which is entirely trial-and-error and no tuning recipe exists at all. Here the Data Display is most useful.		Once the gimbal is coarsely tuned, one may proceed with fine tuning, which is entirely trial-and-error and no tuning recipe exists at all. Here the Data Display is most useful.

	=== "Low-PWM" ~~tuning~~ ===		=== "Low-PWM" Tuning ===
	The "low-PWM" tuning strategy starts from the recommendation to set [Vmax], or motor power or PWM, as small as possible.		The "low-PWM" tuning strategy starts from the recommendation to set [Vmax], or motor power or PWM, as small as possible.

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	Lowering the [Vmax] value also diminishes the available angle resolution, and if it's too small the gimbal can't correct smoothly anymore.		Lowering the [Vmax] value also diminishes the available angle resolution, and if it's too small the gimbal can't correct smoothly anymore.

	=== "High-PWM" ~~tuning~~ ===		=== "High-PWM" Tuning ===
	The "high-PWM" tuning strategy starts from the recommendation to set [Vmax], or motor power or PWM, as large as possible.		The "high-PWM" tuning strategy starts from the recommendation to set [Vmax], or motor power or PWM, as large as possible.

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	'''''Tip:''' Vibrations or oscillations of the gimbal can be nicely seen in the DataDisplay's accelerometer panel.''		'''''Tip:''' Vibrations or oscillations of the gimbal can be nicely seen in the DataDisplay's accelerometer panel.''

	== Voltage ~~correction~~ ==		== Voltage Correction ==
	The voltage correction mechanism in o323bgc attempts to compensate the effects by a varying battery voltage on the PID controller tuning. It does it by modifying the actual motor power. i.e. [Vmax] values proportionally to the voltage change. The proportionality factor is given by the parameter [Voltage Correction].		The voltage correction mechanism in o323bgc attempts to compensate the effects by a varying battery voltage on the PID controller tuning. It does it by modifying the actual motor power. i.e. [Vmax] values proportionally to the voltage change. The proportionality factor is given by the parameter [Voltage Correction].

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	The mechanism can significantly reduce the dependence of the gimbal performance on the battery voltage. It can however not accomplish what could be achieved with a truly constant (regulated) voltage.		The mechanism can significantly reduce the dependence of the gimbal performance on the battery voltage. It can however not accomplish what could be achieved with a truly constant (regulated) voltage.

	== Understanding the ~~parameters~~ ==		== Understanding the Parameters ==
	Maybe useful references (from the German FPVC forum):		Maybe useful references (from the German FPVC forum):
	* http://fpv-community.de/showthread.php?20795-Brushless-Gimbal-Controller-SOFTWARE&p=382163&viewfull=1#post382163		* http://fpv-community.de/showthread.php?20795-Brushless-Gimbal-Controller-SOFTWARE&p=382163&viewfull=1#post382163

OlliW at 21:08, 12 May 2014

2014-05-12T21:08:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:08, 12 May 2014
Line 94:		Line 94:
	* http://fpv-community.de/showthread.php?20795-Brushless-Gimbal-Controller-SOFTWARE&p=381513&viewfull=1#post381513		* http://fpv-community.de/showthread.php?20795-Brushless-Gimbal-Controller-SOFTWARE&p=381513&viewfull=1#post381513

	== Next step - RC Inputs ~~and Functions~~ ==		== Next step - RC Inputs ==
	With these settings we have a self leveling gimbal. No matter what movements the gimbal support is undergoing, the camera remains stable. While this might be perfectly sufficient for basic operation, normally the gimbal shall also be moved via a RC stick or, on a hand-held gimbal, via a joystick, or functions such as switching between hold and pan modes or releasing the shutter of the camera remotely are desired.		With these settings we have a self leveling gimbal. No matter what movements the gimbal support is undergoing, the camera remains stable. While this might be perfectly sufficient for basic operation, normally the gimbal shall also be moved via a RC stick or, on a hand-held gimbal, via a joystick, or functions such as switching between hold and pan modes or releasing the shutter of the camera remotely are desired.

	See [[Configure the RC Input]] to learn about these possibilities.		See [[Configure the RC Input]] to learn about these possibilities.

Yang at 20:29, 12 May 2014

2014-05-12T20:29:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:29, 12 May 2014
Line 87:		Line 87:

	The mechanism can significantly reduce the dependence of the gimbal performance on the battery voltage. It can however not accomplish what could be achieved with a truly constant (regulated) voltage.		The mechanism can significantly reduce the dependence of the gimbal performance on the battery voltage. It can however not accomplish what could be achieved with a truly constant (regulated) voltage.

	~~== Tuning the pan mode ==~~
	In o323bgc the pan mode, also known as follow mode, is in some ways independent on the PID controller tuning. Thus, the PID controller tuning must be done with the pan mode deactivated. However, on the other hand, once the PID controller is tuned, the pan mode can be adjusted easily without having to touch the PID controller in any ways. (this is probably one of the appealing features of o323bgc)

	~~The pan mode is controlled by the parameters [Pitch Pan], [Roll Pan], and [Yaw Pan].~~

	These parameters determine the pan speeds for each of the three axes. A zero means that the pan mode is deactivated, i.e., that the axis is in hold mode (also known as locked mode). There is little more to say here.

	The transitions from hold to pan and pan to hold modes, which are possible via e.g. keys connected to the AUX port, present a challenge, since the abrupt accelerations on the camera which may occur in these situations cannot be handled well by the brushless gimbal technique. The acceleration after having switched from hold to pan can be limited or made smoother using the [Hold To Pan Transition Time] parameter.

	~~== Tuning the IMU/AHRS/MARG ==~~
	~~PLEASE ADD~~

	== Understanding the parameters ==		== Understanding the parameters ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:05, 16 May 2014
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	=== Basic PID Parameters ===		=== Basic PID Parameters ===
	The basic PID controller parameters are [P], [I], [D], and [Vmax].		The basic PID controller parameters are {{GUI\|P}}, {{GUI\|I}}, {{GUI\|D}}, and {{GUI\|Vmax}}.
	The parameter [Vmax] is known in other firmwares as the motor PWM or motor power.		The parameter {{GUI\|Vmax}} is known in other firmwares as the motor PWM or motor power.

	The o323bgc firmware provides also the parameters [Pan], [Voltage Correction], and [Hold To Pan Transition Time]. These are however not relevant for the basic tuning, and [Pan] should in fact be deactivated for tuning.		The o323bgc firmware provides also the parameters {{GUI\|Pan}}, {{GUI\|Voltage Correction}}, and {{GUI\|Hold To Pan Transition Time}}. These are however not relevant for the basic tuning, and {{GUI\|Pan}} should in fact be deactivated for tuning.

	[[File:1main.png\|480px]]		[[File:1main.png\|480px]]
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	For the basic tuning, the advanced tuning parameters should be deactivated.		For the basic tuning, the advanced tuning parameters should be deactivated.

	* [Pan] MUST be set to zero (or the hold mode ensured by other means, such as via the [Pan Mode Control] settings)		* {{GUI\|Pan}} MUST be set to zero (or the hold mode ensured by other means, such as via the {{GUI\|Pan Mode Control}} settings)
	* [Voltage Correction] should be set to 0%		* {{GUI\|Voltage Correction}} should be set to 0%
	* the battery should neither be fully charged nor nearly discharged (i.e. have a voltage of around 3.7 V per cell)		* the battery should neither be fully charged nor nearly discharged (i.e. have a voltage of around 3.7 V per cell)

	The first step is to obtain a basic, working tuning of all axes (coarse tuning). One should tune first the pitch axis, then roll, and then yaw. Ideally one would block the roll and yaw axes while tuning the pitch axis, and the yaw axis while tuning the roll axis. In any case make use of the [Roll Usage] and [Yaw Usage] parameters to avoid uncontrolled motion or even damage to the gimbal.		The first step is to obtain a basic, working tuning of all axes (coarse tuning). One should tune first the pitch axis, then roll, and then yaw. Ideally one would block the roll and yaw axes while tuning the pitch axis, and the yaw axis while tuning the roll axis. In any case make use of the {{GUI\|Roll Usage}} and {{GUI\|Yaw Usage}} parameters to avoid uncontrolled motion or even damage to the gimbal.

	Once the gimbal is coarsely tuned, one may proceed with fine tuning, which is entirely trial-and-error and no tuning recipe exists at all. Here the Data Display is most useful.		Once the gimbal is coarsely tuned, one may proceed with fine tuning, which is entirely trial-and-error and no tuning recipe exists at all. Here the Data Display is most useful.

	=== "Low-PWM" Tuning ===		=== "Low-PWM" Tuning ===
	The "low-PWM" tuning strategy starts from the recommendation to set [Vmax], or motor power or PWM, as small as possible.		The "low-PWM" tuning strategy starts from the recommendation to set {{GUI\|Vmax}}, or motor power or PWM, as small as possible.

	The motor power should of course also be as large as needed to overcome the motor's cogging torque, friction or imperfections in the balance. This sets a lower limit to [Vmax]. Typical tuning guides are		The motor power should of course also be as large as needed to overcome the motor's cogging torque, friction or imperfections in the balance. This sets a lower limit to {{GUI\|Vmax}}. Typical tuning guides are

	* [http://sourceforge.net/p/brushless-gimbal-brugi/wiki/PIDtuningguide/ http://sourceforge.net/p/brushless-gimbal-brugi/wiki/PIDtuningguide/]		* [http://sourceforge.net/p/brushless-gimbal-brugi/wiki/PIDtuningguide/ http://sourceforge.net/p/brushless-gimbal-brugi/wiki/PIDtuningguide/]
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	As said before, this recipe has emerged from the experience by several authors on Gopro and larger gimbals, and in this sense may be considered as "proven". Generally, the motor power must not be too small:		As said before, this recipe has emerged from the experience by several authors on Gopro and larger gimbals, and in this sense may be considered as "proven". Generally, the motor power must not be too small:

	The value of [Vmax], or motor power or PWM, should not be below 65 or 25%.		The value of {{GUI\|Vmax}}, or motor power or PWM, should not be below 65 or 25%.

	Lowering the [Vmax] value also diminishes the available angle resolution, and if it's too small the gimbal can't correct smoothly anymore.		Lowering the {{GUI\|Vmax}} value also diminishes the available angle resolution, and if it's too small the gimbal can't correct smoothly anymore.

	=== "High-PWM" Tuning ===		=== "High-PWM" Tuning ===
	The "high-PWM" tuning strategy starts from the recommendation to set [Vmax], or motor power or PWM, as large as possible.		The "high-PWM" tuning strategy starts from the recommendation to set {{GUI\|Vmax}}, or motor power or PWM, as large as possible.

	The rational in this tuning is that a larger motor power makes the system react faster (allowing in principle a faster correction and hence smaller error angles) and be more robust against disturbances such as cogging torque, frictions, wind gusts and so on.		The rational in this tuning is that a larger motor power makes the system react faster (allowing in principle a faster correction and hence smaller error angles) and be more robust against disturbances such as cogging torque, frictions, wind gusts and so on.

	The upper limit for [Vmax] is mainly determined by the heat produced in the motors. Obviously, the motors should not get too hot. In practical terms, one should be able to touch the motors for several seconds (10 sec or more). The motor heat is however not the only factor which determines the proper [Vmax] value. As with the other parameters, one needs to experiment. It may e.g. happen that with a too large [Vmax] one can't achieve a vibration free, good tuning, and a somewhat lower [Vmax] is much better.		The upper limit for {{GUI\|Vmax}} is mainly determined by the heat produced in the motors. Obviously, the motors should not get too hot. In practical terms, one should be able to touch the motors for several seconds (10 sec or more). The motor heat is however not the only factor which determines the proper {{GUI\|Vmax}} value. As with the other parameters, one needs to experiment. It may e.g. happen that with a too large {{GUI\|Vmax}} one can't achieve a vibration free, good tuning, and a somewhat lower {{GUI\|Vmax}} is much better.

	As regards [P], [I], [D], these two procedures seem to work:		As regards {{GUI\|P}}, {{GUI\|I}}, {{GUI\|D}}, these two procedures seem to work:
	*'''Procedure A:''' Set [I] to a small value. Increase [D] and [P] alternately, step by step. The gimbal should not start to oscillate. Since it are only two parameters one will quickly find the best balance of large [D] and large [P]. Now turn up the [I] value until the gimbal starts to oscillate, and back off by some 10 %. Finally, experiment with all three values. The general goal should be to get a large [I] value.		*'''Procedure A:''' Set {{GUI\|I}} to a small value. Increase {{GUI\|D}} and {{GUI\|P}} alternately, step by step. The gimbal should not start to oscillate. Since it are only two parameters one will quickly find the best balance of large {{GUI\|D}} and large {{GUI\|P}}. Now turn up the {{GUI\|I}} value until the gimbal starts to oscillate, and back off by some 10 %. Finally, experiment with all three values. The general goal should be to get a large {{GUI\|I}} value.

	*'''Procedure B:''' Set [P] to zero, and first adjust [I] and [D]. That is, increase [I] until the gimbal oscillates, then increase [D] to damp the oscillation. Repeat until neither increasing [I] nor [D] stops gimbal oscillations. Now also use [P], and experiment with all three values until the result is satisfying. The general goal should be to get a large [I] value.		*'''Procedure B:''' Set {{GUI\|P}} to zero or avery small value, and first adjust {{GUI\|I}} and {{GUI\|D}}. That is, increase {{GUI\|I}} until the gimbal oscillates, then increase {{GUI\|D}} to damp the oscillation. Repeat until neither increasing {{GUI\|I}} nor {{GUI\|D}} stops gimbal oscillations. Now also use {{GUI\|P}}, and experiment with all three values until the result is satisfying. The general goal should be to get a large {{GUI\|I}} value.

	'''''Tip:''' Vibrations or oscillations of the gimbal can be nicely seen in the DataDisplay's accelerometer panel.''		'''''Tip:''' Vibrations or oscillations of the gimbal can be nicely seen in the DataDisplay's accelerometer panel.''

	== Voltage Correction ==		== Voltage Correction ==
	The voltage correction mechanism in o323bgc attempts to compensate the effects by a varying battery voltage on the PID controller tuning. It does it by modifying the actual motor power. i.e. [Vmax] values proportionally to the voltage change. The proportionality factor is given by the parameter [Voltage Correction].		The voltage correction mechanism in o323bgc attempts to compensate the effects by a varying battery voltage on the PID controller tuning. It does it by modifying the actual motor power. i.e. {{GUI\|Vmax}} values proportionally to the voltage change. The proportionality factor is given by the parameter {{GUI\|Voltage Correction}}.

	For instance, with a [Voltage Correction] of 100%, a drop in the battery voltage by 25% leads to an increase of the actually used Vmax value by 25%. With a [Voltage Correction] of 50%, a voltage drop by 25% leads to a 12.5% increase in Vmax, and so on.		For instance, with a {{GUI\|Voltage Correction}} of 100%, a drop in the battery voltage by 25% leads to an increase of the actually used Vmax value by 25%. With a {{GUI\|Voltage Correction}} of 50%, a voltage drop by 25% leads to a 12.5% increase in Vmax, and so on.

	The mechanism can significantly reduce the dependence of the gimbal performance on the battery voltage. It can however not accomplish what could be achieved with a truly constant (regulated) voltage.		The mechanism can significantly reduce the dependence of the gimbal performance on the battery voltage. It can however not accomplish what could be achieved with a truly constant (regulated) voltage.